Martha Stewart Omnimedia Report

Summary The conviction of Martha Stewart on allegations of insider trading dented her public image as well as the image of the MSO Company. The allegations also led to loss of public trust that significantly affected employee morale and performance, company communication channels, and leadership credibility within the company.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Martha Stewart Omnimedia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More My recommendations, to enable the company turn around and achieve profitability, revolve around enhancing employee morale, rebranding, implementing CRM, and adopting a horizontal organizational structure where, power and authority is spread among many people. Previously, the company brands had a close association with Martha’s name, who wielded a lot of influence within the company. The new management model should focus on selling the company’s image and separating the MSO identity from Martha. Analysis of the MSO Case Prior to the legal crisis in the late 2001, Martha Stewart had a prosperous career. However, the stock sale scandal led to legal suits that resulted to her conviction in 2004, which turned her career and her life upside down. It all began in 1999, when Martha bought shares of a biotech company, ImClone, which dealt with the manufacture of drugs. During this period, ImClone shares were doing well in the stock market hence, Martha’s decision to invest in the company. However, subsequent events in the same year dented the financial prospects of the biotech company. ImClone’s owner, Sam Waksal, aiming at improving the profitability and revenue of the company, approved the release of a new cancer drug, Erbitux, by the company. Before the FDA announcement date, Sam received prior information that the FDA was not going to approve the drug on the due date. Acting on advice from Sam, Martha sold her ImClone stocks. As a result, Martha faced alle gations of insider trading, which led to her conviction in 2004. Consequently, the conviction tarnished Martha’s reputation and the MSO shares’ value declined significantly. Most importantly, the morale of the employees and credibility of the management were affected by these events. Implications of Martha’s Conviction Martha Stewart allegations involved insider trading and other business malpractices. Her conviction in 2004 had profound implications on her career and the image of her organization, MSO. Prior to her conviction, Martha enjoyed a prosperous career as the founder of MSO, a large corporation with branches in many areas including publishing, merchandising, and broadcasting. The product offerings of the company reflected the tastes and preferences of Martha. In addition, the brand name of most of the products, that earned the respect of many in the United States, bore her name. Martha also was a writer; she published many books and magazines through M SO.Advertising Looking for report on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, her conviction resulted to a crisis in her personal life, as well as to the MSO Company. The performance of MSO stocks declined tremendously in the course of her conviction. The employee morale also declined while anxiety and stress levels increased. As a result, the public lost trust in the company. Therefore, the management should adopt a different strategy once Martha returns to the company. In my opinion, stress management training should be integrated into employee development programs. Additionally, a new organizational structure that delegates responsibility and powers on many senior executives, not only on Martha, is appropriate. Strategies to improve Communication The conviction of Martha caused a crisis that created extensive negative consequences in three main organizational areas at MSO management viz. communication , employee relations, and morale and leadership credibility. With regard to communication, the top management at MSO should consider a communication model that emphasizes on teamwork. In particular, the internal communication should focus on improving consumer attitudes and influencing organizational behavior patterns within Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia (MSO). Presently, the brand name of MSO is associated with its chief executive officer. Thus, the external communication strategies should aim at making a clear separation between personalities and the company’s identity. In this way, individual business malpractices by the management will not affect the reputation of the company. In essence, the company values override the interests of the founder(s). In addition, the communication model should strengthen the employee performance by informing them of the current trends within MSO and align employee goals with organizational goals. Essentially, employees in any organization possess diverse skills and different cultural backgrounds. Hence, internal communication in MSO should be open and allow participation from all employees. MSO should adopt a communication strategy, whether oral or written, that allows clear expression of expectations, concerns, or suggestions and regular feedback, both internally and externally.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Martha Stewart Omnimedia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a way of enhancing external communication and company image, the MSO management should implement a customer relationship management (CRM) strategy alongside rebranding of its products. CRM employs the Internet and social media to manage customer relationships and enhance customer loyalty and product or price differentiation. MSO management should build a database regarding its customers so that the employees, management and other service providers can easily access customer inf ormation and align their product offerings with customer needs. Additionally, the CRM database can be used to notify customers and investors of any rebranding of the customer products or services (Payne et al., 2001, p. 197). Improvement in telesales or profits will indicate the success of this CRM strategy. Addressing the Employee Morale and Leadership Credibility Issues Evidently, the ImClone scandal that implicated Martha, the MSO’s Chief Executive Officer, led to loss of public trust in the company. Consequently, the employee morale and motivation, as well as performance, were adversely affected (Stajkovic, Luthans, 2003, p. 155). To improve on employee motivation and morale and boost performance, many organizational changes have to be implemented to address the internal problems. Firstly, the MSO management should adopt an organizational structure. With the resignation of Martha as the company’s CEO, much restructuring at the management is necessary. Since the fo under and mentor of the company has left the company, the new top management should endeavor to motivate and raise the morale of the employees, enhance proper communication channels, and align the employee goals with that of the company. According to Maslow’s theory, this will create job security and enhance employee performance. Secondly, the company should adopt a new organizational culture that emphasizes on teamwork. In this way, employee concerns and needs can be addressed adequately. Additionally, a strong organizational culture will promote desirable morals and values that are essential in the future growth of the company. Rebranding is another way the company can project a strong image to the public and enhance employee morale. Mason and Meyer argue that, rebranding influences company image positively especially by the external environment (2006, p. 801). In line with Maslow’s theory, good image will satisfy the self-esteem needs of the employees and enhance th eir performance (Stajkovic, Luthans, 2003, p. 171).Advertising Looking for report on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In other words, the MSO management should identify the different levels of employee needs and take the necessary steps to satisfy them. Additionally, increased employee benefits or rewards for top performers can boost employee morale and performance. However, the management should make careful deliberations with regard to the rebranding process as this may lead to loss of public trust and employee morale. The rebranding should aim at retaining the appealing public image projected by Martha and establishing a different identity for the company. Reference List Mason, A., Meyer, M. (2006).Living With Martha Stewart Media: Chosen Domesticity in the Experience of Fan. Journal of communication, 63(51), 801-804 Payne, A., Christopher, M., Clark, M., Peck, H. (2001). Relationship marketing for  Competitive advantage. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Stajkovic, D., Luthans, F. (2003). Behavioral management and task performance In organizations: conceptual background, meta-analysis, and te st of alternative Models. Personnel Psychology, 56(18), 155-194 This report on Martha Stewart Omnimedia was written and submitted by user Crimson Dynamo to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

buy custom World of Contracts essay

buy custom World of Contracts essay A contract is a lawfully binding bargain that exists between two or more persons, institutions, parties or organizations (Blum, 2011). This may involve an agreement for employment, order of goods, buying a house among others. The promises reached by the parties involved outline the rights and commitments of the contractual parties. Contracts are enforceable in law by the courts, and in case either of the parties breaches part of, or all contractual obligations, the non-breaching party is entitled to receive remedies through the courts (Blum, 2011). The Essential Elements of a Contract Offer; this is a statement of willingness or any other indication that the individual or party is ready to enter into a contract with another party on particular terms. The offer must be conveyed in a way that promotes acceptance, without any other conditions required of the person other than to show acceptance (Chadman, 2009). The accepting person must understand that his assent of the offer completes the contract and there is no contract without offer. Acceptance; acceptance of an offer is the indication by the party receiving the offer that the offer is welcomed. It is the show of assent to the bargain under the terms thereof made by the person offering as they are, without altering any of the terms. Any change of the proposed terms leads to a rejection of the whole offer and amounts into a counteroffer, which must be acknowledged by the other party. Equally, the acceptance must be done before it expires, unless the offer is renewed (Emanuel, 2006). Legal purpose; this is very essential element that requires that a contract can only exist if its objective is for a legal purpose or activity. Any contract must not involve an activity that contravenes the laws of the land. For example, a contract that involves illegal distribution of narcotic drugs is considered not binding, because its tenacity and intention is illegal. Mutuality of obligation; this element refers to the mutual understanding of the parties and their assent to the expression of their agreement. The contract parties must approve to the same course, in the same mind and time. The understanding of the agreement is based on the objective standards set by the parties, but not on the unexpressed subjective intention (Blum, 2011). Determination of the presence of the mutual assent can be proved by the court, through analysis of the communications exchanged between the parties and further the actions and situatons surrounding these communications. Any inconsistency of thoughts concerning the contract by either party necessitates no contract. This is because, for contract to be enforceable in future without challenge, the parties must fully agree on the vital terms of the contract and the mutual understanding between the parties must not diverge materially from the original offer, a fact that is open to legal challenge (Chadman, 2009). Certainty of subject matter; this element stipulates that a contract is legally binding only if its terms are adequately defined to facilitate clear understanding of the obligation by the court in case of a dispute , and for the court to enforce the contract. The agreement must be in simple and easy language that is easy to interpret with very certain intentions. The regulations concerning uncertainty of material terms of a contract are dependent on the idea that a party cannot enter into an agreement unless the terms of that contract are substantially certain. In case some terms that are relevant in such a contract are omitted, the courts usually have implied terms that are employed to maintain enforceability of the contract and sustain the agreement by providing the missing terms, should there be a legal challenge. Consideration; thisis also an essential element of a valid contract where only the parties needs to review whether or not it is a good bargain to their satisfaction. The law necessitates that there be adequate consideration by giving something of value to the promisor, to prove the commitment, and should not be anything promised or given in the past. This may be in form of a right, interest, or benefit that one party is entitled to, or instead; forbearance, or obligation that is assumed by the other party. Competent Parties; a contract must be between parties who are competent and authorized by law for it to be legally binding. For example, an agreement between a child and an adult on purchase of land may not be binding but considered exploitative. Remedies In Case of a Breach Whenever a contract is breached by either of the contractual parties, the non-breaching person has a legal right to claim for the damages incurred as a result of the breach. This can also be an award of money, envisioned to compensate the party for the forfeiture of the bargain (Blum, 2011). The remedies include; Compensatory damages; these are remediess that restore the value of the bargain to the non-breaching party and ensures that the person remains in the same position as if the contract had been fully executed. The amount to be awarded for breach depends on the type of contract involved and which party broke the contract. The non-breaching party has a legal right to demand for compensation of the damages from the breaching party Liquidated damages; these are damages agreed on by the parties in advance, to be paid in case the contract is breached by either party. This is lawful, only if the actual damages are difficult or impracticable to define, and the liquidated amount must be realistic and reasonable in such situations. This is commonly preferred by businesses in their commercial contracts, since it helps to provide certainty, evade lawsuits, and gives an incentive to people to sign contracts (Chadman, 2009). Consequential damages; these are damages that are foreseeable by the breaching party arising from circumstances outside the bargain. This type of damage can be executed if the breaching party is aware or is perceived to be aware that the breach will inflict distinct damages to the other party. Nominal damage; this occurs when the non-breaching party sues the other party even though no financial loss has been incurred and is normally awarded in a small amount. The non-breaching party can also rescind the contract and recover restitution. Rescission is a move to undo, or cancel a bargain, to return the non-breaching parties to the state they were in before the transaction. This is an option pursued in case of duress, fraud, mistake, or failure of consideration in the subsequent levels (Emanuel, 2006). The rescinding party must issue immediate notice to the breaching party and return to each other all the items such as goods, property and money previously issued. Conclusion Contracts exist all over the world and are lawfully binding agreements between two or more parties, which are enforceable by law through the courts. Agreements must comprise all the essential elements to make up a contract. These elements include; presence of an offer, acceptance of an offer, legal purpose of the agreement, mutual obligation, and certainty of the subject matter. It also involves consideration whether the deal is a good bargain and competence of the party involved (Chadman, 2009). Non-breaching parties have legal rights to claim damages from the breaching party for the injuries caused. Buy custom World of Contracts essay

Northrop P-61 Black Widow in World War II

Northrop P-61 Black Widow in World War II In 1940, with World War II raging, the Royal Air Force began seeking designs for a new night fighter to combat German raids on London. Having used radar to aid in winning the Battle of Britain, the British sought to incorporate smaller airborne intercept radar units into the new design. To this end, the RAF instructed the British Purchasing Commission in the US to evaluate American aircraft designs. Key among the desired traits were the ability to loiter for around eight hours, carry the new radar system, and mount multiple gun turrets. During this period, Lieutenant General Delos C. Emmons, the US Air Officer in London, was briefed on British progress relating to the development of airborne intercept radar units. He also gained an understanding of the RAFs requirements for a new night fighter. Composing a report, he stated that he believed the American aviation industry could produce the desired design. In the United States, Jack Northrop learned of the British requirements and began contemplating a large, twin engine design. His efforts received a boost later that year when a US Army Air Corps board chaired by Emmons issued a request for a night fighter based on the British specifications. These were further refined by the Air Technical Service Command at Wright Field, OH. Specifications General Length: 49 ft., 7 in.Wingspan: 66 ft.Height: 14 ft., 8 in.Wing Area: 662.36 sq. ft.Empty Weight: 23,450 lbs.Loaded Weight: 29,700 lbs.Maximum Takeoff Weight: 36,200 lbs.Crew: 2-3 Performance Maximum Speed: 366 mphRange: 610 milesRate of Climb: 2,540 ft./min.Service Ceiling: 33,100 ft.Power Plant: 2 Ãâ€" Pratt Whitney R-2800-65W Double Wasp radial engines, 2,250 hp each Armament 4 Ãâ€" 20 mm Hispano M2 cannon in ventral fuselage4 Ãâ€" .50 in M2 Browning machine guns in remotely operated, full-traversing upper turret4 Ãâ€" bombs of up to 1,600 lb. each or 6 Ãâ€" 5 in. HVAR unguided rockets Northrop Responds: In late October 1940, Northrops chief of research, Vladimir H. Pavlecka, was contacted by ATSCs Colonel Laurence C. Craigie who verbally detailed the type of aircraft they were seeking. Taking his notes to Northrop, the two men concluded that the new request from the USAAC was nearly identical to that from the RAF. As a result, Northrop produced the work done earlier in response to the British request and immediately had a head start over his competitors. Northrops initial design saw the company create an aircraft featuring a central fuselage suspended between two engine nacelles and tail booms. The armament was arranged in two turrets, one in the nose and one in the tail. Carrying a crew of three (pilot, gunner, and radar operator), the design proved unusually large for a fighter. This was necessary to accommodate the weight of the airborne intercept radar unit and the need for an extended flight time. Presenting the design to the USAAC on November 8, it was approved over the Douglas XA-26A. Refining the layout, Northrop quickly shifted the turret locations to the top and bottom of the fuselage. Subsequent discussions with the USAAC led to a request for increased firepower. As a result, the lower turret was abandoned in favor of four 20 mm cannon mounted in the wings. These were later repositioned to the underside of the aircraft, similar to the German Heinkel He 219, which freed up space in the wings for additional fuel while also improving the wings airfoil. The USAAC also requested the installation of flame arrestors on the engine exhausts, a rearrangement of radio equipment, and hard points for drop tanks. The Design Evolves: The basic design was approved by the USAAC and a contract issued for prototypes on January 10, 1941. Designated the XP-61, the aircraft was to be powered by two Pratt Whitney R2800-10 Double Wasp engines turning Curtiss C5424-A10 four-bladed, automatic, full-feathering propellers. As construction of the prototype moved forward, it quickly fell victim to a number of delays. These included difficulty obtaining the new propellers as well as equipment for the upper turret. In the latter case, other aircraft such as the B-17 Flying Fortress, B-24 Liberator, and B-29 Superfortress took priority in receiving turrets. The problems were eventually overcome and the prototype first flew on May 26, 1942. As the design evolved, the P-61s engines were changed to two Pratt Whitney R-2800-25S Double Wasp engines featuring two-stage, two-speed mechanical superchargers. Additionally, larger wider span flaps were used which permitted a lower landing speed. The crew was housed in the central fuselage (or gondola) with the airborne intercept radar dish mounted within a rounded nose in front of the cockpit. The rear of the central fuselage was enclosed with a plexiglass cone while the forward section featured a stepped, greenhouse-style canopy for the pilot and gunner.   In the final design, the pilot and gunner were situated toward the front of the aircraft while the radar operator occupied an isolated space towards the rear. Here they operated a SCR-720 radar set which was used to direct the pilot towards enemy aircraft. As the P-61 closed on an enemy aircraft, the pilot could view a smaller radar scope mounted in the cockpit. The aircrafts upper turret was operated remotely and targeting aided by a General Electric GE2CFR12A3 gyroscopic fire control computer. Mounting four .50 cal. machine guns, it could be fired by the gunner, radar operator, or pilot. In the last case, the turret would be locked in a forward-firing position. Ready for service in early 1944, the P-61 Black Widow became the US Army Air Forces first purpose-designed night fighter. Operational History: The first unit to receive the P-61 was the 348th Night Fighter Squadron based in Florida. A training unit, the 348th prepared crews for deployment to Europe. Additional training facilities were also used in California. While night fighter squadrons overseas transitioned to the P-61 from other aircraft, such as the Douglas P-70 and British Bristol Beaufighter, many Black Widow units were formed from scratch in the United States. In February 1944, the first P-61 squadrons, the 422nd and 425th, shipped out for Britain. Arriving, they found that the USAAF leadership, including Lieutenant General Carl Spaatz, were concerned that the P-61 lacked the speed to engage the latest German fighters. Instead, Spaatz directed that the squadrons be equipped with British De Havilland Mosquitoes. Over Europe: This was resisted by the RAF which wished to retain all available Mosquitoes. As a result, a competition was held between the two aircraft to determine the P-61s capabilities. This resulted in a victory for the Black Widow, though many senior USAAF officers remained skeptical and others believed the RAF had deliberately thrown the contest. Receiving their aircraft in June, the 422nd began missions over Britain the following month. These aircraft were unique in that they had been shipped without their upper turrets. As a result, the squadrons gunners were reassigned to P-70 units. On July 16, Lieutenant Herman Ernst scored the P-61s first kill when he downed a V-1 flying bomb. Moving across the Channel later in the summer, P-61 units began to engage manned German opposition and posted an admirable success rate. Though some aircraft were lost to accidents and ground fire, none were downed by German aircraft. That December, the P-61 found a new role as it helped defend Bastogne during the Battle of the Bulge. Using its powerful complement of 20 mm cannon, the aircraft attacked German vehicles and supply lines as it aided the besieged towns defenders. As the spring of 1945 progressed, P-61 units found enemy aircraft increasingly scarce and kill numbers dropped accordingly. Though the type was also used in the Mediterranean Theater, units there often received them too late in the conflict to see meaningful results. In the Pacific: In June 1944, the first P-61s reached the Pacific and joined the 6th Night Fighter Squadron on Guadalcanal. The Black Widows first Japanese victim was a Mitsubishi G4M Betty which was downed on June 30. Additional P-61s reached the theater as the summer progressed though enemy targets were generally sporadic. This led to several squadrons never scoring a kill for the duration of the war. In January 1945, a P-61 aided in the raid on the Cabanatuan prisoner of war camp in the Philippines by distracting the Japanese guards as the assault force neared. As the spring of 1945 progressed, Japanese targets became virtually nonexistent though a P-61 was credited with scoring the final kill of the war when it downed a Nakajima Ki-44 Tojo on August 14/15. Later Service: Though concerns about the P-61s performance persisted, it was retained after the war as USAAF did not possess an effective jet-powered night fighter. The type was joined by the F-15 Reporter which had been developed during the summer of 1945. Essentially an unarmed P-61, the F-15 carried a multitude of cameras and was intended for use as a reconnaissance aircraft. Redesignated F-61 in 1948, the aircraft began to be withdrawn from service later that year and was replaced by the North American F-82 Twin Mustang. Refitted as a night fighter, the F-82 served as an interim solution until the arrival of the jet-powered F-89 Scorpion. The final F-61s were retired in May 1950. Sold to civilian agencies, F-61s and F-15s performed in a variety of roles into the late 1960s.

Sexuality Interviewee Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sexuality Interviewee Report - Assignment Example Cross dressing. The question asked in this context is whether the interviewee has any friend who is a homosexual and a cross dresser. Robert responds saying that despite the fact that there is no such person in his friends’ circle, he witnesses many cross dressers around himself at school. Most of his acquaintances who are cross dressers are girls rather than dudes. These girls both dress and act like guys. Aly Al responds that he knows no such peers who are cross dressers and gay. According to previously recorded literatures, gay and lesbian young people show behavior which deviates from their gender. Cross dressing is an aggressive or rebellious manner comes up in circumstance where they feel the presence of some hostile behaviors which might lay a challenge before their self esteem. Often when a homosexual person or youngster is surrounded by gay peers they often give up the habit of gender deviant or cross dressing (Unks, 1995, p. 24). The conversation held here is more or less close ende d and hence the impact of gay peers on a homosexual teenager’s way of dressing could not be captured. Impact of homosexual peer on group participation When asked if working with peers affected the interviewee’s group participation and performance, Robert says that he would not care if the peer was a homosexual girl but would not work with a gay male since he does not want to â€Å"lose†. In case he is teamed up with a gay male, he would carry out the class room activities with him but no outdoor work since he is not sure of the sexual experience he might face otherwise. Aly Al also says something similar. He does not consider playing sports because he does not think the gay people are capable or interested in playing sports. But he has no problem in-house activities of project work. This clearly shows the lack of trust that the straight male teenagers have on the sexual behaviors of homosexual peers. Their answers clearly reveal their sexual discomfort around the gay peers especially when left outside the class or in case of sports where physical association might perhaps occur accidentally or intentionally on part of the gay peer. Teacher’ sexual preference – teaching ability When asked about the association between a teacher’s sexual orientation and talent in teaching, Robert replies that the teacher’s teaching ability would not be affected but he would not be at ease around him. Aly Al also thinks the same way and would avoid one-to-one lesson or assistance from the homosexual male teacher. This shows that the teenager s normally do not associate talent and soft skills with sexual preference but they are uncomfortable to be around them physically. The answer merely reveals their opinion about the aspect but not their practical experience of being harassed in any way by a gay teacher. Neither does it express whether a teacher’s sexual preference might affect the education or performance of the student. From the answers it might be deduced that the performances are not influenced by a teacher’s sexual orientation. Gay actors/actresses Lastly, the participants were asked what they think about gay or lesbian actors and actresses. Are they merely acting or are they actually gay are the questions on which opinion is sought. Here the two participants differ largely as they express opposing views. Robert thinks these actors are actually gay because one

Foregoing curative medical treatment due to religious beliefs Research Paper

Foregoing curative medical treatment due to religious beliefs - Research Paper Example Ethics in the medical field are moral principles that incorporated the application of judgment and values in medical practice. Medical ethics entail work on theology, philosophy, and sociology. In the US, General Medical Council highly upholds and respects the religious convictions of patients. However, on some occasions, parents fail to consent for vital care for children. Due to the medical ethics, the medical doctors or practitioners comply with the parent’s wishes with the only option available can be through the judicial redress through the court process. It may be quite difficult to the non-believers or those not within the faith to comprehend the depth of these religious beliefs even to the extent of those in faith risking their lives or the lives of their loved ones (Guinn, 2006). However, Bellamy (2014) elaborates that some religions take the extreme perception of particular treatments while others don’t. In fact, doctors increasingly becoming accommodative to the religious beliefs of their patients. For example, the Jewish and Muslim faithful highly regard male circumcision. Doctors not conversant to such practices can recommend others who are conversant. In addition, some religious practices to the patients are even allowed in most medical institutions. In some circles, religion is not only well established in the medical practices but also common and powerful. Some of the religious practices in the medical field are intertwined with spirituality and healing that emanate from some forces.

Classical Conditioning Essay Example for Free

Classical Conditioning Essay Classical conditioning is an association between two stimuli; It is what proceeds the response. The two stimuli in my experiment was the ringing of the bell and the on and off of the light switch performed in a dark room. During my experiment I rang the bell and then immediately turned off the lights. I remained in the dark for fifteen seconds then turned the light back on. I left the light on for fifteen seconds, and would monitor my pupils in the mirror then ring the bell and would simultaneously turned off the light again. After doing this several times, I rang the bell one last time but did not turn off the lights. Then I immediately looked into the mirror to monitor my pupils. I noticed that the pupils dilated. The unconditional response (UR) is that my pupils would dilate when the room became dark which I had no control. The conditioned response (CR) is that the bell stimulated the pupils to dilate. Prier to this time, the ringing of the bell had no effect on the dilation of my pupils. Therefore, the classical conditioning programmed my pupils to dilate upon the ringing of the bell and controlling the light stimuli. I repeated the same experiment but this time I did not ring the bell at all to see if the time would have a response. Every fifteen seconds I would turn the lights either on or off. The results were negative. In conclusion, indeed it took two stimuli, the ringing of the bell and the lights to provoke a response.

Los problemas de D. Davidson con la acción intencional :: Spanish Essays

Los problemas de D. Davidson con la accià ³n intencional ABSTRACT: Es este trabajo quisiera exponer las dificultades que el modelo de explicacià ³n de la accià ³n propuesto por Donald Davidson tuvo a la hora de explicar la intencià ³n. En su primer modelo, Davidson habà ­a explicado la accià ³n a partie de deseo y creencia, à ©stas no sà ³lo racionalizaban sino que tambià ©n causaban la accià ³n; y accià ³n e intencià ³n se identificaban. Sin embargo, Davidson repara posteriormente en que, por un lado, a veces el deseo y la creencia parecen tener como resultado la accià ³n y, sin embargo, no se da entre ellos la relacià ³n causal 'adecuada,' por lo que no podemos decir de la accià ³n que sea intencional. Son casos de cadenas causales irregulares o no està ¡ndar. Por otro lado, a veces tener un deseo y una creencia relacionada no nos conduce necesariamente a la accià ³n. Y, aà ºn en el caso de que nos conduzca a la accià ³n, à ©sta puede ser contraria a lo que nuestro mejor juicio nos dicta. Este es el problema de las con ductas irracionales. Ambos problemas causaron que introdujera algunos cambios en su modelo inicial. Sostengo que estos cambios no mejoraron el modelo. El problema de las cadenas causales irregulares no se resuelve, y el problema de las separacià ³n entre deseo-creencia y accià ³n se reformula en tà ©rminos là ³gicos, mediante un recurso tà ©cnico. En 1963, Donald Davidson publica un artà ­culo "Acciones, razones y causas" que significà ³ la reunificacià ³n de dos modelos de explicacià ³n tradicionalmente separados: el racionalista, segà ºn el cual las razones explican la accià ³n porque la justifican; y el causal, que mantiene que la accià ³n sà ³lo se explica mediante sus causas. El planteamiento de Davidson disuelve esa oposicià ³n: "la racionalizacià ³n [dice Davidson] es una especie de explicacià ³n causal ordinaria". (1) No tratarà © aquà ­ muchas de las crà ­ticas y problemas que suscità ³ y sigue hacià ©ndolo este planteamiento del tema, como la conexià ³n là ³gica que hay entre razà ³n y accià ³n o la necesidad de que exista una ley que respalde esa conexià ³n. Mi objetivo es observar si este modelo puede dar cuenta de la intencià ³n, de ese momento previo a la accià ³n. Los problemas que el tratamiento de la intencià ³n supusieron para el modelo causaron una reformulacià ³n de à ©ste. Estos problemas fueron (1) las cadenas causales irregulares o no-està ¡ndar (externas o internas); y (2) aquellos casos en los que o bien el deseo no conduce necesariamente a la accià ³n o bien los sujetos actà ºan en contra de su mejor juicio.

Leadership in the African American Community Essay

African American community had many problems, such as freedom, economic, education, transportation, being unemployment, lack of self defense; lack of power and †¦ therefore different leaderships and organizations were established to help African American. African American wanted to be free because they were USA citizen and they did not like someone call them nigger or free of slave. They wanted to have freedom of speech, vote,, human rights, self defense, they wanted to be free to go to school and be educated, and they did not like people look at them down because of their color. Black people were the last one got hire and the first one got fire when they applied for job. They had very bad situation because they could not find a job easily. That’s why most of them become unemployment and the rest who had job their salary were low. Black people had problem with transportation because most of them did not had a car so it was hard for them to apply for job. Black people wanted to go to school like white people, they wanted to show them they are smart and they can be educated too. They wanted to be educated so they can learn all the law and learn how to talk and have self defense when someone attack to them. Black people were lack of power because of their skin color. White people could be president or having good positions, and they treat Black people as slaves. Black people had to work in white people’s farms like a slaves, and always respect them and say, ‘‘YES SIR’’. Therefore different leadership and organization stand up to defend them in from of all of these problems for example Martin Luther King in her speech said he has a dream and talks about freedom and how Black and white should be equal, he said Black people should vote, and should be free and go to school. Ella baker also helped Martin Luther King in different way, she established different organization, and she moved to different states and having different conference with different people. There are other leadership and organization which help them out which I am going to talk about it later. Work cited Ransby, Barbara. Ella Baker and the Black Freedom Movement. The University of North Carolina. Press, in Chapel Hill and London 2003. The Video: FUNDI http://moodle. wolfware. ncsu. edu/file. php/33965/FUNDI. m4v Hodak, George. â€Å"Martin Luther King Assassinated. † ABA Journal 97. 4 (2011): 72. Academic Search Complete. Web. 12 Apr. 2013. Brooks, Gwendolyn. â€Å"Martin Luther King Jr. † Storyworks 17. 4 (2010): 3. Primary Search. Web. 12 Apr. 2013. Haskins, Jim. â€Å"Martin Luther King, Jr. † Cobblestone 31. 1 (2010): 28. MasterFILE Complete. Web. 12 Apr. 2013. â€Å"MARTIN LUTHER KING JR. (Cover Story). † Scholastic Action 27. 7 (2004): 4. MasterFILE Complete. Web. 12 Apr. 2013. Tutashinda, K. , and D. C. â€Å"The Grassroots Political Philosophy Of Ella Baker: Oakland, California Applicability. † Journal Of Pan African Studies 3. 9 (2010): 25-42. Academic Search Complete. Web. 12 Apr. 2013. Baraka, Amiri. â€Å"Black Theater Movement & The Black Consciousness Movement. † Kola 24. 1 (2012): 104-119. Literary Reference Center Plus. Web. 12 Apr. 2013. Stafford, Tim. â€Å"The First Black Liberation Movement. † Christianity Today 44. 8 (2000): 42. MasterFILE Complete. Web. 12 Apr. 2013. Taylor, Gardner. â€Å"Black Freedom Fighters. † Christian Century 112. 24 (1995): 777. MasterFILE Complete. Web. 12 Apr. 2013.

Global Warming Challenge Essay

One of the greatest challenges earth is facing is Global Warming. The global warming hypothesis orginated in 1896 when Svante Arrhenius, a Swedish chemist, developed the theory that carbon dioxide emissions from the burning of fossil fuels would cause global temperatures to rise by trapping excess heat in the earth’s atmosphere. The term â€Å"Global Warming† signifies the temperature of the earth’s neon- surface air. The change in climatic conditions is one of the impacts of global warming. It is directly impacting on rising sea levels and the melting of ice. It is a threat to life on earth. The effects of global warming have been increasing significantly for the past decades. Climate change, devastation of the ecosystem, water contamination, melting ice over Arctic and Antarctic regions, negative impacts in the agricultural sector are just the problems caused by global warming. The reason behind this is human activities that lead to release of greenhouse gases. The concentration of greenhouse gases has significantly increased since 20th century. Some Scientists believe that there is an increase of 0.5 Celsius in earth’s temperature since 1900 and will continue to increase. The year 1990 was said to be the hottest year in the last century. We Human Beings have created an imbalance between life and nature that has led to flood, cyclones, landslides, tsunami, drought, etc. If this imbalance continues, soon our life on earth would be difficult. The increase of Carbon-dioxide in air is one of the reasons for warming the earth’s surface. The most significant greenhouse gas is actually water vapor, not something produced directly by humankind in significant amounts. However, even slight increases in atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) can cause a substantial increase in temperature. When the earth’s surface warms up it will eventually lead to evaporation of water. Water vapor, itself is a greenhouse gas. It is believed that the increase in CO2 in the atmosphere will continue due to ongoing burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. Not only CO2 but other gases such as methane, CFCs, nitrous oxide, tropospheric ozone are also responsible for global warming. The increase in these gases is due to industrialization, deforestation, urbanization and increasing population. Nature has given us a mechanism to decrease the content of CO2 in atmosphere but we are exploiting it. Trees are the mechanism given to mankind as a gift from nature. Trees convert CO2 gas into Oxygen. This helps to decrease the CO2 content in atmosphere which eventually helps us prevent  global warming. The question that should be put forward now is that if this mechanism only won’t exist then how will we prevent global warming? Human beings have always been exploiting nature. Trees have been cut down for the benefits of humans without realizing that it is going to affect us eventually. Deforestation is responsible for 25 per cent of all carbon emissions entering the atmosphere, by the burning and cutting of 34 million acres of trees each year. Everyday over 5500 acres of rainforest are destroyed. Increasing population is also one of the reasons for global warming. Approximately, 80 per cent of atmospheric C02 increases are due to man’s use of fossil fuels either in the form of coal, gas or oil. Vehicles with poor gas mileage contribute the most to global warming. Besides, the sulphur group gas is the most harmful for this. Its contribution is 30 per cent in global warming. This gas is also emitted from the burning of fossil fuels. One of the effects of global warming is rise in sea-level. It will lead to melting of glaciers and changes in rainfall patterns. The rate of melting glaciers have been increasing since the past decade. . The shrinking of glaciers is going to pose a major problem of drinking water. The sea levels as a result of melting of glaciers have risen from 0.35 mm to 0.4 mm. Scientists have warned in their reports that most of the glaciers will disappear within a period of 15 to 25 years. It will create problems of drinking water and food grains in most of the North American countries. India is not unaffected from it. The Himalayan glaciers have shrunk about 30 per cent after 1970. The rise in sea levels is a major cause of concern. A large number of cities located in coastal areas will submerge in the sea. Besides, many island countries will ultimately lose their existence and will be washed away from the surface of the earth. In India this effects may also threaten the Lakshadweep islands, Mu mbai and deltas of Ganges (West Bengal), Carvers (T.N), Godavari (AP) and Mahanadi, Orissa. India is also affected by global warming. As India is an agricultural country, it is largely dependent on rainfall but due to irregular rainfalls caused by global warming, the yield is decreasing every year. The rise in atmospheric temperature and fall in rain would naturally result in decline in crop production. Moreover, it would have great effect on biodiversity as well. Forestation can be of great help in this regard. Planting more trees worldwide will help restore the imbalance. Secondly, we must follow on environmental policy of ‘reduce,  reuse, recycle’, i.e. promoting the reuse of anything. Thirdly, the use of fuel-efficient vehicles should be promoted as these vehicles have lower emissions of harmful gases. Fourthly, every individual should be aware of the importance of the protecting environment. Besides, eco- friendly technologies must be promoted, and must be substituted with the technologies which cause great emission of global warming gases. Many government agencies around the world are very interested in maintaining fossil fuel use, especially coal. Furthermore, we are not going to run out of coal in the near term (oil may begin to run low sometime after 2010). Methods for reducing carbon emission levels while still burning coal are now investigation by government and industry, as we now discuss. It is too late to debate on global warming. We need to take some measures to decrease global warming. Forestation can be of great help in this regard. Planting more trees worldwide will help restore the imbalance. Secondly, we must follow on environmental policy of ‘reduce, reuse, recycle’, i.e. promoting the reuse of anything. Thirdly, the use of fuel-efficient vehicles should be promoted as these vehicles have lower emissions of harmful gases. Fourthly, every individual should be aware of the importance of the protecting environment. Besides, eco- friendly technologies must be promoted, and must be substituted with the technologies which cause great emission of global warming gases. We should control the growth of population by decreasing birth rate. This can be done by proper family planning. We should reduce the use of chlorofloro carbons. More use of non-conventional source of energy like wind power and solar energy. It is said that â€Å"There is no place like home† and earth is our home so we need to protect it. Policies are made every day but do we follow it? The answer is â€Å"No†. We all are aware of global warming so we need to change the way we think that we can’t do anything and only the rich who are seated in the seats of government can save us. Who you are, whatever you are you can do something for your planet when you think global warming is a problem.

5 Top part-time jobs for 2018

5 Top part-time jobs for 2018 We spend a lot of time thinking about our full-time careers, and what we want those to be, but sometimes what you need is a part-time job. Part-time jobs can be a way to manage an employment gap while you figure out your next career move, or it can be a way to test the waters in a particular field, or it might be a side hustle to make more money. The flexibility of a part-time job is usually the best part. So what are the top jobs for 2018 if you’re looking for a part-time gig? Let’s explore 5 that are worth exploring.1. Fitness InstructorWe live in a fitness-crazed world right now, with debates raging about CrossFit vs. SoulCycle or whether you really need to build an American Ninja Warrior gym in your backyard. But for most of us, fitness comes from our local gyms and community classes. That’s where fitness trainers and instructors enter the picture. These teachers lead classes in various types of fitness techniques (like yoga Zumba, or aerobics), or act as per sonal trainers on a more limited or one-to-one basis to help clients build fitness or lose weight. Fitness trainers can typically make their own schedules, scheduling classes or client appointments as they prefer, making it a solid part-time opportunity.What you’ll need: First and foremost, you should be pretty fit yourself, and also knowledgeable about anatomy, physiology, and safety. Trainers and instructors who specialize in a particular area (like yoga) often undergo advanced training, as well. There’s typically no minimum degree necessary to be a fitness instructor, but many employers are starting to prefer an associate’s degree in kinesiology (or a similar field), plus certification by an accredited training program.What it pays: According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), fitness trainers and instructors make a median annual salary of $38,160 (full-time), or $18.34 per hour. This can vary depending on your hours and your specialty.For more on how to snag fitness jobs:How to Become an Athletic Trainer2. Registered NurseIf you’re looking for a flexible job in the healthcare field, you might want to consider nursing. Registered nurses (RNs) coordinate and provide direct patient care, assess patient condition, record patients’ medical data, administer treatments and medication as prescribed by a physician, develop treatment plans, operate and monitor medical equipment, perform diagnostic tests, and educate patients and their families on follow-up care. Nurses can be found in any facility that offers healthcare, including hospitals, schools doctors’ offices, home services, nursing homes, clinics, or health-focused government agencies.But is nursing really a part-time field, you ask? The short answer: it can be. Once you’ve got your nursing degree and your certification, there are nursing jobs that let you set your own hours, or work on short-term assignments. One major example is travel nursing, wh ere you can accept temporary or part-time gigs away from home, setting your own work agenda.What you’ll need: RNs typically hold a bachelor’s degree in nursing (BSN), an associate’s degree in nursing (ADN), or a certificate from an accredited nursing program. Every state requires nurses to be licensed, so be sure to check your own state’s requirements for licensing (including any standardized tests like the NCLEX).What it pays: According to the BLS, registered nurses make a median annual salary of $68,450, or $32.91 per hour.For more on how to snag registered nurse jobs:Create A Winning Registered Nurse Resume!How Long Does it Take to Become a Nurse?3. Retail AssociateWhether you’re interested in building a longer career in retail or merely finding something in the meantime, working in retail can be the king of â€Å"right now† jobs. It’s a way to build experience, but if you’re not really interested in working in the industry for the rest of your working life, it’s a job that doesn’t require a ton of investment up front (education or certification). Retail is also one of the few industries that hires seasonal workers, which can be a great way to earn extra money over the holidays.Retail associates are the front-line workers in stores, working out on the floor to make sure that shelves are stocked, customers are being helped, sales are being made, and things are running smoothly. It’s typically an hourly job, worked in shifts set by the store’s management. Working nights, weekends, and holidays is pretty common in most retail stores, so it’s a job you can work around other jobs or obligations.What you’ll need: There’s no official education level needed to become a retail associate, but many companies prefer high school graduates (or equivalent). You should have great customer service skills and be punctual, patient, and great at organization. Strong math sk ills are often a bonus, for jobs that involve cashiering or inventory-taking. Most stores provide on-the-job training for new employees.What it pays: According to the BLS, sales associates make a median annual salary of $22,900 per year, or $11.01 per hour. This can vary depending on experience and seniority.For more on how to snag retail associate jobs:6 Job Skills You Need to Be a Sales AssociateHow to Write a Perfect Sales Associate Resume (Examples Included)4. Rideshare DriverIf you’ve got a great driving record, a car in good shape, and an independent streak, becoming a rideshare driver could be a great part-time option. Working for livery companies or app-driven companies like Uber or Lyft, you’re transporting people from point A to point B- but on your own schedule. Most rideshare companies allow you to decide when you work and when you’re off duty. And if you’re interested in night owl shifts, you can make good money (plus tips) getting people hom e safely from work, bars and clubs, or other nighttime activities.What you’ll need: A valid driver’s license and a clean driving record. Most companies require that potential drivers pass a background screening, as well as a vehicle inspection to make sure your car is clean and in good working order.What it pays: The median national hourly rate for rideshare drivers is $19.04, but drivers can make up to $30 an hour, plus tips, depending on how many fares they’re picking up. It can also vary according to where you live.For more on how to snag rideshare driver jobs:10 Jobs Where You Can Work OvernightTop 5 Jobs in the Midwest5. Warehouse WorkerAt this moment in time, the world belongs to e-tail companies like Amazon- we just happen to live in it. Companies that warehouse and ship mass quantities of products are busier than ever these days, with large shipping centers and new hubs popping up all over the country to cut shipping times and costs as much as humanly po ssible. These centers typically have a number of part-time openings for shipping and warehouse associates who receive freight, process it, inventory it, process and pack orders, and ship it all back out.This is a job that can be a good fit if you like to work with your hands or you have Tetris-like organizational skills. It’s very physical, though, so most of the opportunities in this field are open to people who can lift heavy weights, operate heavy equipment, and tolerate long shifts potentially on your feet. Because the work is typically shift-based, you will likely be able to find shifts that work well with other life or work obligations.What you’ll need: Most companies require a high school diploma (or equivalent) to work in a warehouse. You should also be in good physical shape, with the stamina to work on your feet and lift heavy objects for hours at a time.What it pays: According to PayScale.com, warehouse workers make a median hourly rate of $12.69.For more on how to snag warehouse worker jobs:How to Become a Forklift OperatorTop Opportunities in the Online Retail Revolution6 top retail jobs this holiday season and how to get themWhatever your needs, a part-time job can be exactly what you need to boost your income while also getting you necessary experience and giving you a more flexible schedule than the 9-to-5 grind.

Essays on the Intranet

Essays on the Intranet Essays on the Intranet Essays on the Intranet Intranet is a private computer network used by a limited number of people who have access to it. The perfect example of intranet is a school computer system. Intranet is a system based on the Internet technologies but the sharing of information is more protected due to the limited number of users and the specifics of the operational systems. If you are writing essays on the intranet, this article is useful for you. Essays on the Intranet Facts In this section you will find some basic facts about the intranet to be including in the introductory or background section of your paper. Intranet is built upon the same technologies as the Internet (client-server computing) Intranet is the private or restricted version of the internet confined to the specific institution, organization, or a group of people Intranet appeared in early 1990s in universities Intranet has restricted access even though it may also be accessible for any approved party Intranet does not necessary has access to the Internet Intranet is believed to foster collaboration and used as a corporate platform in all major corporations Topics Ideas for Essays on Intranet If you are not sure how to start writing an essay on intranet, read the following topics ideas. In addition, you may review the list of good essay topics and topics for a research paper on our blog. What are the benefits of Intranet for companies? What is the function of Intranet at university or college? What is more secure: Intranet or Internet? Does intranet contribute to more timely decisions? Is Intranet a powerful tool for communication? What is the history of Intranet emergence? What are the differences and similarities of the Intranet and the Internet? Essays on the Intranet Custom Writing Not every personal is able to become a gifted surgeon and not every student is able to write award-winning essays. We understand that many students are struggling with essay writing and offer an effective and reliable solution - custom paper writing. Our services are not offered to do your homework instead of your but rather to help you with the research and writing. As our client, you receive custom written essay on the Intranet created from scratch in full accordance to the instruction. We reference all sources in the format you specify and provide you with free outline and bibliography list. We do not copy/paste and we guarantee originality of every single sentence in written essay. You may check more free tips on essay writing, research paper, term paper, coursework, and problem and solution essay writing:http://.com/blog/problem-and-solution-essay Read also: Dissertation Proposal Dissertation Help APA Thesis Writers of Term Papers Term Schools Papers about Gospel Music

Network Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Network Planning - Essay Example The network planning model refers to a smooth structured approach that eliminates some of the redundant elements from the system so as to obtain an optimal network. The logistic network for a single warehouse needs to encompass all the essential elements of the logistic activities so that there is smooth flow of products and information along the logistic chain consisting of a single warehouse. The single warehouse would serve as a centralized warehouse for the overall business operations and would comprise of all the necessary facilities that would be required for the effective coordination amongst all the other elements encompassing marketing department to the customers (Radhakrishnan, 2001). The first step that would be essential for the network design would be proper analysis of all the required information of the company’s operations. This information analysis would enable in incorporating the best strategy for the logistic network. Since there would be a single warehouse that needs to be centralized and handle all of the operations starting from inventory keeping to that of semi-finished or finished products it is very much important to decide on the size and location of the warehouse that would be the next step of the logistic network planning. The next step in designing this optimal network would be calculation of the facility and transportation costs. There needs to be a proper estimation on what are the major costs that is associated with the logistic framework that would be required in the network set up comprising of single warehouse (Waters, 2010).The next step for the design of optimal network would be consideration of various facilities such as vendors, manufacturing center, customer service and the distribution center. These facilities need to be given importance as there is continuous flow of finished products and raw materials amongst these facilities